How To Build Pv Solar Panels

How To Build PV Solar Panels: A Step-by-Step Guide for UK Property Owners

As the UK government intensifies its commitment to net-zero carbon emissions and energy efficiency, photovoltaic (PV) solar panels have become an increasingly attractive option for landlords, property managers, and businesses. Installing solar panels can reduce energy bills, lower carbon footprints, and improve Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) ratings—an essential aspect of property compliance in today’s regulatory climate.

At Eco Approach Ltd, we specialise in compliance and safety services for the built environment, helping clients nationwide meet their legal obligations. While our focus is on inspections and certifications, we also understand the growing interest in renewable energy solutions. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explain how to build PV solar panels, covering planning, sourcing, assembly, installation, and compliance considerations tailored to the UK property sector.

What Are PV Solar Panels?

Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials. When sunlight hits the cells, electrons are knocked loose, creating a flow of electricity. PV panels can be installed on rooftops, façades, or ground-mounted arrays, providing clean, renewable energy for homes and businesses.

Why Build Your Own PV Solar Panels?

While most property owners opt for professionally manufactured panels, building your own PV solar panels can be a rewarding project for those with technical skills. Potential benefits include:

– Cost savings on materials and installation.
– Customisation to suit unique property needs.
– Hands-on learning about renewable energy systems.
– Improved EPC ratings and compliance with UK energy efficiency regulations.

However, it’s important to note that DIY solar panel construction is complex and may not always meet UK safety and certification standards. For most commercial or rental properties, using certified products and installers is essential to remain compliant with legislation.

Step 1: Planning and Compliance

Assess Your Property’s Suitability

Before you begin, consider the following:

– Roof orientation and angle: South-facing roofs with a tilt of 30–40° are ideal in the UK.
– Shading: Avoid areas shaded by trees, chimneys, or nearby buildings.
– Roof condition: Ensure the roof can support additional weight and is in good repair.

Check UK Regulations

Compliance is critical. In the UK:

– Building Regulations: Solar panel installations must comply with Part P (electrical safety) and Part A (structure).
– Planning Permission: Most domestic installations are permitted development, but listed buildings or conservation areas may require permission.
– MCS Certification: For Feed-in Tariff (FiT) or Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) eligibility, systems must be installed by MCS-certified installers.
– Electrical Safety: All electrical work should be signed off by a qualified electrician.

Tip: For landlords and property managers, using a professional installer ensures compliance with all legal requirements and simplifies ongoing property management.

Step 2: Sourcing Materials

What You’ll Need

1. Solar Cells: Monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon cells.
2. Backing Material: Plywood, aluminium, or plastic sheet for panel support.
3. Glass or Acrylic Cover: Protects cells from weather.
4. Bus Wire and Soldering Tools: For connecting cells.
5. Silicone Sealant: For waterproofing.
6. Junction Box: For electrical connections.
7. Diodes: Prevent reverse current.
8. Frame: Aluminium or treated wood for mounting.
9. Inverter: Converts DC to AC electricity.
10. Battery Storage (optional): For off-grid systems.

Where to Buy

– Specialty Electronics Stores: For solar cells and electrical components.
– Online Marketplaces: eBay, Amazon, or dedicated renewable energy suppliers.
– Local Hardware Stores: For frames, backing, and tools.

Important: Ensure all materials meet UK safety standards and are suitable for outdoor use.

Step 3: Assembling the PV Panel

1. Lay Out the Solar Cells

– Arrange the cells in rows to achieve your desired voltage and current output.
– For UK homes, panels typically output 18–20V (to charge a 12V battery or feed an inverter).

2. Solder Connections

– Use bus wire to connect the positive terminal of one cell to the negative terminal of the next (series connection).
– Solder carefully to avoid damaging the cells.

3. Attach Cells to Backing

– Glue or tape the connected cells onto the backing material.
– Leave space for wiring and ventilation.

4. Add the Cover

– Place a sheet of tempered glass or acrylic over the cells.
– Seal the edges with silicone to prevent water ingress.

5. Install the Junction Box

– Attach the junction box to the back of the panel.
– Connect the panel’s output wires, including bypass diodes to prevent shading losses.

6. Frame the Panel

– Build a sturdy frame to hold the panel together and allow for mounting.
– Use corrosion-resistant materials for longevity.

Step 4: Installing the Solar Panel

Mounting Options

– Roof Mounting: Most common for UK properties. Use roof hooks and rails designed for solar panels.
– Ground Mounting: Suitable for properties with available land.
– Wall Mounting: Less common but possible on south-facing walls.

Electrical Connections

– Inverter Installation: Connect your panels to an inverter to convert DC to AC.
– Grid Connection: If connecting to the grid, a qualified electrician must handle this step.
– Battery Storage: Optional, but increasingly popular for energy independence.

Note: All electrical work must comply with UK wiring regulations. For rental or commercial properties, professional installation is strongly recommended.

Step 5: Testing and Certification

Safety Checks

– Inspect all wiring and connections.
– Test panel output with a multimeter.
– Check for water tightness and secure mounting.

Certification

– DIY panels will not be eligible for MCS certification or government incentives.
– For landlords and businesses, only MCS-certified systems can be included in EPC calculations and meet compliance standards.

Step 6: Ongoing Maintenance and Compliance

– Clean panels regularly to maintain efficiency.
– Schedule periodic electrical inspections (as required for rental properties).
– Keep documentation for compliance and insurance purposes.

Conclusion: Is DIY Solar Panel Building Right for You?

Building your own PV solar panels can be an educational and cost-saving project for private homeowners with technical skills. However, for landlords, property managers, and businesses in the UK, compliance with safety and energy regulations is paramount. Professionally installed, MCS-certified systems are the only way to ensure eligibility for incentives, improved EPC ratings, and legal compliance.

Eco Approach Ltd is your trusted partner for property compliance management, including EPCs, electrical safety, and more. If you’re considering solar panels for your portfolio, contact us for guidance on compliant installation, certification, and ongoing property management support.

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