How Solar Power Works

How Solar Power Works: A Guide for UK Property Owners and Managers

As the UK moves towards net zero and stricter energy efficiency standards, solar power is rapidly gaining traction among landlords, property managers, and businesses. Harnessing the sun’s energy not only reduces carbon footprints but also helps cut energy bills and supports compliance with evolving regulations. But how exactly does solar power work, and what should property professionals know before integrating solar into their compliance and sustainability strategies?

At Eco Approach Ltd, we specialise in supporting the built environment with compliance and safety services, including guidance on energy efficiency improvements like solar power. In this article, we break down the science and practicalities of solar power, its benefits for UK properties, and key considerations for implementation.

The Science Behind Solar Power

Solar power is the process of converting sunlight into usable electricity or heat. The most common technology for buildings is the photovoltaic (PV) system, which directly generates electricity.

1. Photovoltaic Cells: The Heart of Solar Panels

Solar panels are made up of many individual photovoltaic cells. Each cell consists of two layers of semiconductor material, usually silicon, treated to create an electric field. When sunlight hits the cell:

– Photons (light particles) knock electrons loose from atoms in the silicon.
– This movement of electrons creates a flow of electricity – known as direct current (DC).

2. From DC to Usable Power: The Inverter

The electricity generated by solar panels is DC, but UK homes and businesses use alternating current (AC). An inverter is installed to convert DC electricity into AC, making it compatible with the property’s electrical systems and the National Grid.

3. Using and Storing Solar Power

– On-site Consumption: Solar electricity is used immediately by appliances and lighting in the property.
– Exporting Excess: Surplus electricity can be exported to the grid, often earning payments through schemes like the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG).
– Battery Storage (Optional): Some systems include batteries, allowing unused power to be stored for later use, such as at night or during peak demand.

Types of Solar Power Systems

1. Grid-Tied Systems

These are the most common in the UK. They’re connected to the National Grid, allowing properties to draw power when solar generation is insufficient and export surplus energy.

2. Off-Grid Systems

Rare in urban environments, these systems are entirely independent, relying on batteries and backup generators. They’re more typical in remote or rural locations.

3. Hybrid Systems

Combining grid connection with battery storage, hybrid systems offer flexibility and resilience, allowing properties to maximise self-consumption and provide backup during outages.

Solar Power in the UK: Suitability and Performance

The UK may not be famous for its sunshine, but solar panels can still be highly effective. Modern PV systems are efficient even on cloudy days, as they use daylight rather than direct sunlight.

Key Factors Affecting Performance:

– Roof Orientation: South-facing roofs maximise solar gain, but east/west orientations can also be effective.
– Angle and Shading: The optimal angle is around 30-40 degrees. Avoiding shade from trees or buildings is crucial.
– System Size: A typical domestic system is 3-4kWp (kilowatt peak), while commercial systems can be much larger.

Benefits of Solar Power for UK Properties

1. Lower Energy Bills

Solar-generated electricity reduces reliance on the grid, leading to significant savings – especially as energy prices rise.

2. Enhanced Property Value and Marketability

Energy-efficient properties are more attractive to tenants and buyers. Solar panels can improve EPC (Energy Performance Certificate) ratings, which are increasingly important for compliance and letting.

3. Reduced Carbon Footprint

Solar power is a clean, renewable energy source. Installing solar panels directly supports the UK’s climate goals and corporate ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) commitments.

4. Compliance with UK Legislation

With Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) tightening, landlords and property managers must ensure properties meet EPC band C or above by 2028 (for new tenancies). Solar power is a proven way to boost EPC ratings and future-proof assets.

5. Income from Exporting Power

Through the Smart Export Guarantee, property owners can earn payments for surplus electricity exported to the grid, providing an additional revenue stream.

Key Considerations for Landlords, Agents, and Businesses

1. Planning and Permissions

– Most domestic solar installations fall under “permitted development” in the UK, but there are exceptions (e.g., listed buildings, conservation areas, flat roofs).
– Commercial installations may require planning consent, especially for larger arrays.

2. Roof Condition and Structure

Solar panels typically last 25+ years, so roofs should be in good condition before installation. A structural survey may be needed to confirm suitability.

3. Electrical Safety and Compliance

Solar installations must comply with the IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671) and be certified under the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS). This ensures safety, quality, and eligibility for export payments.

4. Ongoing Maintenance

Solar panels require minimal maintenance, but periodic cleaning and inspection are advised. Inverters may need replacement after 10-15 years.

5. Integration with Compliance Management

Solar power is just one part of a property’s compliance profile. At Eco Approach Ltd, we recommend integrating solar with other legally required inspections (electrical, gas, fire safety, EPCs) for streamlined, ongoing compliance management.

Steps to Installing Solar Power

1. Site Assessment: Evaluate roof orientation, shading, and structural suitability.
2. System Design: Determine optimal system size and configuration.
3. Quotation and ROI Analysis: Review costs, savings, payback period, and available grants or incentives.
4. Installation: Use MCS-certified installers for quality and compliance.
5. Certification and Connection: Ensure all work is certified, and connect to the grid if applicable.
6. Ongoing Compliance: Schedule regular checks as part of your property compliance plan.

Why Choose Eco Approach Ltd for Solar and Compliance Services?

Eco Approach Ltd is a trusted partner for landlords, property managers, agents, and businesses across the UK. We coordinate qualified engineers and assessors to deliver consistent, compliant results at scale. By integrating solar power guidance with our full suite of compliance services – from gas safety to fire risk assessments and EPCs – we simplify property management, reduce risk, and help you meet current and future UK legislation.

Whether you’re considering solar panels to boost your EPC rating, reduce energy bills, or support your sustainability goals, we can help you navigate the technical, regulatory, and practical aspects. Our approach ensures your properties remain safe, efficient, and fully compliant – today and for years to come.

Ready to explore solar power for your property portfolio?
Contact Eco Approach Ltd for expert advice and a tailored compliance strategy that supports your sustainability ambitions and legal obligations.

Related Services:
– EPC Assessments
– Electrical Safety Testing
– Fire Risk Assessments
– Gas Safety Certificates
– Ongoing Compliance Management

Eco Approach Ltd – Your Single Partner for Property Compliance and Sustainability
[www.ecoapproach.co.uk](https://www.ecoapproach.co.uk)

By understanding how solar power works and integrating it into a comprehensive compliance plan, UK property professionals can unlock long-term value, reduce risks, and support a greener future.